USER_ATTR(5) File Formats and Configurations USER_ATTR(5)

user_attr - extended user attributes database

/etc/user_attr

/etc/user_attr is a local source of extended attributes associated with users and roles. user_attr can be used with other user attribute sources, including the LDAP people container and the user_attr NIS map. Programs use the getuserattr(3SECDB) routines to gain access to this information.

The search order for multiple user_attr sources is specified in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file, as described in the nsswitch.conf(5) man page. The search order follows that for passwd(5).

Each entry in the user_attr databases consists of a single line with five fields separated by colons (:). Line continuations using the backslash (\) character are permitted. Each entry has the form:


user:qualifier:res1:res2:attr

user

The name of the user as specified in the passwd(5) database.

qualifier

Reserved for future use.

res1

Reserved for future use.

res2

Reserved for future use.

attr

An optional list of semicolon-separated (;) key-value pairs that describe the security attributes to apply to the object upon execution. Zero or more keys may be specified. The following keys are currently interpreted by the system:

auths

Specifies a comma-separated list of authorization names chosen from those names defined in the auth_attr(5) database. Authorization names may be specified using the asterisk (*) character as a wildcard. For example, solaris.printer.* means all of Sun's printer authorizations.

profiles

Contains an ordered, comma-separated list of profile names chosen from prof_attr(5). Profiles are enforced by the profile shells, pfcsh, pfksh, and pfsh. See pfsh(1). A default profile is assigned in /etc/security/policy.conf (see policy.conf(5)). If no profiles are assigned, the profile shells do not allow the user to execute any commands.

roleauth

Specifies whether a user assuming a role is required to use the role password or their own password. If the roleauth key value is not specified, the role password is required for users assuming the role.

roles

Can be assigned a comma-separated list of role names from the set of user accounts in this database whose type field indicates the account is a role. If the roles key value is not specified, the user is not permitted to assume any role.

type

Can be assigned one of these strings: normal, indicating that this account is for a normal user, one who logs in; or role, indicating that this account is for a role. Roles can only be assumed by a normal user after the user has logged in.

project

Can be assigned a name of one project from the project(5) database to be used as a default project to place the user in at login time. For more information, see getdefaultproj(3PROJECT).

defaultpriv

The default set of privileges assigned to a user's inheritable set upon login. See "Privileges Keywords," below.

limitpriv

The maximum set of privileges a user or any process started by the user, whether through su(8) or any other means, can obtain. The system administrator must take extreme care when removing privileges from the limit set. Removing any basic privilege has the ability of crippling all applications; removing any other privilege can cause many or all applications requiring privileges to malfunction. See "Privileges Keywords," below.

lock_after_retries

Specifies whether an account is locked after the count of failed logins for a user equals or exceeds the allowed number of retries as defined by RETRIES in /etc/default/login. Possible values are yes or no. The default is no. Account locking is applicable only to local accounts.

The following keys are available only if the system is configured with the Trusted Extensions feature:

clearance

Contains the maximum label at which the user can operate. If unspecified, in the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) encodings scheme, the default is specified in label_encodings(5) (see label_encodings(5) and labels(7) in the Solaris Trusted Extensions Reference Manual).

min_label

Contains the minimum label at which the user can log in. If unspecified, in the DIA encodings scheme, the default is specified in label_encodings(5) (see label_encodings(5) and labels(7) in the Solaris Trusted Extensions Reference Manual).

Except for the type key, the key=value fields in /etc/user_attr can be added using roleadd(8) and useradd(8). You can use rolemod(8) and usermod(8) to modify key=value fields in /etc/user_attr. Modification of the type key is restricted as described in rolemod and usermod.

The defaultpriv and limitpriv are the privileges-related keywords and are described above.

See privileges(7) for a description of privileges. The command ppriv -l (see ppriv(1)) produces a list of all supported privileges. Note that you specify privileges as they are displayed by ppriv. In privileges(7), privileges are listed in the form PRIV_<privilege_name>. For example, the privilege file_chown, as you would specify it in user_attr, is listed in privileges(7) as PRIV_FILE_CHOWN.

See usermod(8) for examples of commands that modify privileges and their subsequent effect on user_attr.

Example 1 Assigning a Profile to Root

The following example entry assigns to root the All profile, which allows root to use all commands in the system, and also assigns two authorizations:


root::::auths=solaris.*,solaris.grant;profiles=All;type=normal

The solaris.* wildcard authorization shown above gives root all the solaris authorizations; and the solaris.grant authorization gives root the right to grant to others any solaris authorizations that root has. The combination of authorizations enables root to grant to others all the solaris authorizations. See auth_attr(5) for more about authorizations.

/etc/nsswitch.conf

See nsswitch.conf(5).

/etc/user_attr

Described here.

See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:

ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
Availibility SUNWcsr
Interface Stability See below

The command-line syntax is Committed. The output is Uncommitted.

auths(1), pfcsh(1), pfksh(1), pfsh(1), ppriv(1), profiles(1), roles(1), getdefaultproj(3PROJECT), getuserattr(3SECDB), auth_attr(5), exec_attr(5), nsswitch.conf(5), passwd(5), policy.conf(5), prof_attr(5), project(5), attributes(7), privileges(7), roleadd(8), rolemod(8), useradd(8), usermod(8)

System Administration Guide: Security Services

The root user is usually defined in local databases for a number of reasons, including the fact that root needs to be able to log in and do system maintenance in single-user mode, before the network name service databases are available. For this reason, an entry should exist for root in the local user_attr file, and the precedence shown in the example nsswitch.conf(5) file entry under EXAMPLES is highly recommended.

Because the list of legal keys is likely to expand, any code that parses this database must be written to ignore unknown key-value pairs without error. When any new keywords are created, the names should be prefixed with a unique string, such as the company's stock symbol, to avoid potential naming conflicts.

In the attr field, escape the following symbols with a backslash (\) if you use them in any value: colon (:), semicolon (;), carriage return (\n), equals (=), or backslash (\).

October 1, 2020 OmniOS