exit, _Exit, _exit - terminate process
#include <stdlib.h>
void exit(int status);
void _Exit(int status);
#include <unistd.h>
void _exit(int status);
The exit() function first calls all functions registered by
atexit(3C), in the reverse order of their registration, except that a
function is called after any previously registered functions that had
already been called at the time it was registered. Each function is called
as many times as it was registered. If, during the call to any such
function, a call to the longjmp(3C) function is made that would
terminate the call to the registered function, the behavior is
undefined.
If a function registered by a call to atexit(3C) fails to
return, the remaining registered functions are not called and the rest of
the exit() processing is not completed. If exit() is called
more than once, the effects are undefined.
The exit() function then flushes all open streams with
unwritten buffered data, closes all open streams, and removes all files
created by tmpfile(3C).
The _Exit() and _exit() functions are functionally
equivalent. They do not call functions registered with atexit(), do
not call any registered signal handlers, and do not flush open streams.
The _exit(), _Exit(), and exit() functions
terminate the calling process with the following consequences:
- o
- All of the file descriptors, directory streams, conversion descriptors and
message catalogue descriptors open in the calling process are closed.
- o
- If the parent process of the calling process is executing a
wait(3C), wait3(3C), waitid(2), or
waitpid(3C), and has neither set its SA_NOCLDWAIT flag nor
set SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN, it is notified of the calling
process's termination and the low-order eight bits (that is, bits 0377) of
status are made available to it. If the parent is not waiting, the
child's status will be made available to it when the parent subsequently
executes wait(), wait3(), waitid(), or
waitpid().
- o
- If the parent process of the calling process is not executing a
wait(), wait3(), waitid(), or waitpid(), and
has not set its SA_NOCLDWAIT flag, or set SIGCHLD to
SIG_IGN, the calling process is transformed into a zombie
process. A zombie process is an inactive process and it will be
deleted at some later time when its parent process executes wait(),
wait3(), waitid(), or waitpid(). A zombie process
only occupies a slot in the process table; it has no other space allocated
either in user or kernel space. The process table slot that it occupies is
partially overlaid with time accounting information (see
<sys/proc.h>) to be used by the times(2)
function.
- o
- Termination of a process does not directly terminate its children. The
sending of a SIGHUP signal as described below indirectly terminates
children in some circumstances.
- o
- A SIGCHLD will be sent to the parent process.
- o
- The parent process ID of all of the calling process's existing
child processes and zombie processes is set to 1. That is, these processes
are inherited by the initialization process (see Intro(2)).
- o
- Each mapped memory object is unmapped.
- o
- Each attached shared-memory segment is detached and the value of
shm_nattch (see shmget(2)) in the data structure associated
with its shared memory ID is decremented by 1.
- o
- For each semaphore for which the calling process has set a semadj
value (see semop(2)), that value is added to the semval of
the specified semaphore.
- o
- If the process is a controlling process, the SIGHUP signal will be
sent to each process in the foreground process group of the controlling
terminal belonging to the calling process.
- o
- If the process is a controlling process, the controlling terminal
associated with the session is disassociated from the session, allowing it
to be acquired by a new controlling process.
- o
- If the exit of the process causes a process group to become orphaned, and
if any member of the newly-orphaned process group is stopped, then a
SIGHUP signal followed by a SIGCONT signal will be sent to
each process in the newly-orphaned process group.
- o
- If the parent process has set its SA_NOCLDWAIT flag, or set
SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN, the status will be discarded, and the
lifetime of the calling process will end immediately.
- o
- If the process has process, text or data locks, an UNLOCK is
performed (see plock(3C) and memcntl(2)).
- o
- All open named semaphores in the process are closed as if by appropriate
calls to sem_close(3C). All open message queues in the process are
closed as if by appropriate calls to mq_close(3C). Any outstanding
asynchronous I/O operations may be cancelled.
- o
- An accounting record is written on the accounting file if the system's
accounting routine is enabled (see acct(2)).
- o
- An extended accounting record is written to the extended process
accounting file if the system's extended process accounting facility is
enabled (see acctadm(8)).
- o
- If the current process is the last process within its task and if the
system's extended task accounting facility is enabled (see
acctadm(8)), an extended accounting record is written to the
extended task accounting file.
These functions do not return.
Normally applications should use exit() rather than
_exit().
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following
attributes:
| ATTRIBUTE
TYPE |
ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
| Interface Stability |
Committed |
| MT-Level |
See below. |
| Standard |
See standards(7). |
The _exit() and _Exit() functions are
Async-Signal-Safe.
Intro(2), acct(2), close(2),
memcntl(2), semop(2), shmget(2), sigaction(2),
times(2), waitid(2), atexit(3C), fclose(3C),
mq_close(3C), plock(3C), tmpfile(3C), wait(3C),
wait3(3C), waitpid(3C), signal.h(3HEAD),
attributes(7), standards(7), acctadm(8)