The strptime() function converts the character string pointed to by
buf to values which are stored in the tm structure pointed to by
tm, using the format specified by format. The
strptime_l() function is identical to strptime() except instead
of acting in the current locale, it acts in the locale specified by the
argument loc.
The format argument is composed of zero or more conversion
specifications. Each conversion specification is composed of a "%"
(percent) character followed by one or two conversion characters which
specify the replacement required. One or more white space characters (as
specified by isspace(3C)) may precede or follow a conversion
specification. There must be white-space or other non-alphanumeric
characters between any two conversion specifications.
A non-zeroing version of strptime(), described below under
Non-zeroing Behavior, is provided if _STRPTIME_DONTZERO
is defined.
The following conversion specifications are supported:
%%
Same as %.
%a
Day of week, using the locale's weekday names; either the
abbreviated or full name may be specified.
%A
Same as %a.
%b
Month, using the locale's month names; either the
abbreviated or full name may be specified.
%B
Same as %b.
%c
Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
%C
Century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated to
an integer as a decimal number [1,99]); single digits are preceded by 0. If
%C is used without the
%y specifier,
strptime() assumes
the year offset is zero in whichever century is specified. Note the behavior
of
%C in the absence of
%y is not specified by any of the
standards or specifications described on the
standards(7) manual page,
so portable applications should not depend on it. This behavior may change in
a future release.
%d
Day of month [1,31]; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%D
Date as %m/%d/%y.
%e
Same as %d.
%h
Same as %b.
%H
Hour (24-hour clock) [0,23]; leading zero is permitted
but not required.
%I
Hour (12-hour clock) [1,12]; leading zero is permitted
but not required.
%j
Day number of the year [1,366]; leading zeros are
permitted but not required.
%m
Month number [1,12]; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%M
Minute [0-59]; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%n
Any white space.
%p
Locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m.
%r
Appropriate time representation in the 12-hour clock
format with %p.
%R
Time as %H:%M.
%S
Seconds [0,60]; leading zero is permitted but not
required. The range of values is [00,60] rather than [00,59] to allow for the
occasional leap second.
%S
Seconds [0,61]; leading zero is permitted but not
required. The range of values is [00,61] rather than [00,59] to allow for the
occasional leap second and even more occasional double leap second.
%t
Any white space.
%T
Time as %H:%M:%S.
%U
Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53], with
Sunday as the first day of the week; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%w
Weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing
Sunday.
%W
Week number of the year as a decimal number [0,53], with
Monday as the first day of the week; leading zero is permitted but not
required.
%x
Locale's appropriate date representation.
%X
Locale's appropriate time representation.
%y
Year within century. When a century is not otherwise
specified, values in the range 69-99 refer to years in the twentieth century
(1969 to 1999 inclusive); values in the range 00-68 refer to years in the
twenty-first century (2000 to 2068 inclusive).
%Y
Year, including the century (for example, 1993).
%Z
Time zone name or no characters if no time zone
exists.
Some conversion specifications can be modified by the E and O
modifier characters to indicate that an alternate format or specification
should be used rather than the one normally used by the unmodified
specification. If the alternate format or specification does not exist in the
current locale, the behavior will be as if the unmodified conversion
specification were used.
%Ec
Locale's alternate appropriate date and time
representation.
%EC
Name of the base year (era) in the locale's alternate
representation.
%Ex
Locale's alternate date representation.
%EX
Locale's alternate time representation.
%Ey
Offset from %EC (year only) in the locale's
alternate representation.
%EY
Full alternate year representation.
%Od
Day of the month using the locale's alternate numeric
symbols.
%Oe
Same as %Od.
%OH
Hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternate numeric
symbols.
%OI
Hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternate numeric
symbols.
%Om
Month using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%OM
Minutes using the locale's alternate numeric
symbols.
%OS
Seconds using the locale's alternate numeric
symbols.
%OU
Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the
week) using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%Ow
Number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale's
alternate numeric symbols.
%OW
Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the
week) using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
%Oy
Year (offset from %C) in the locale's alternate
representation and using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
A conversion specification that is an ordinary character is executed by scanning
the next character from the buffer. If the character scanned from the buffer
differs from the one comprising the specification, the specification fails,
and the differing and subsequent characters remain unscanned.
A series of specifications composed of %n, %t,
white-space characters or any combination is executed by scanning up to the
first character that is not white space (which remains unscanned), or until
no more characters can be scanned. White space is defined by
isspace(3C).
Any other conversion specification is executed by scanning
characters until a character matching the next specification is scanned, or
until no more characters can be scanned. These characters, except the one
matching the next specification, are then compared to the locale values
associated with the conversion specifier. If a match is found, values for
the appropriate tm structure members are set to values corresponding
to the locale information. If no match is found, strptime() fails and
no more characters are scanned.
The month names, weekday names, era names, and alternate numeric
symbols can consist of any combination of upper and lower case letters. The
user can request that the input date or time specification be in a specific
language by setting the LC_TIME category using
setlocale(3C).
In addition to the behavior described above by various standards, the Solaris
implementation of strptime() provides the following extensions. These
may change at any time in the future. Portable applications should not depend
on these extended features:
- o
- If _STRPTIME_DONTZERO is not defined, the tm struct is
zeroed on entry and strptime() updates the fields of the tm
struct associated with the specifiers in the format string.
- o
- If _STRPTIME_DONTZERO is defined, strptime() does not zero
the tm struct on entry. Additionally, for some specifiers,
strptime() will use some values in the input tm struct to
recalculate the date and re-assign the appropriate members of the tm
struct.
The following describes extended features regardless of whether
_STRPTIME_DONTZERO is defined or not defined:
- o
- If %j is specified, tm_yday is set; if year is given, and if
month and day are not given, strptime() calculates and sets
tm_mon, tm_mday, and tm_year.
- o
- If %U or %W is specified and if weekday and year are given
and month and day of month are not given, strptime() calculates and
sets tm_mon, tm_mday, tm_wday, and
tm_year.
The following describes extended features when
_STRPTIME_DONTZERO is not defined:
- o
- If %C is specified and %y is not specified,
strptime()assumes 0 as the year offset, then calculates the year,
and assigns tm_year.
The following describes extended features when
_STRPTIME_DONTZERO is defined:
- o
- If %C is specified and %y is not specified,
strptime() assumes the year offset of the year value of the
tm_year member of the input tm struct, then calculates the
year and assigns tm_year.
- o
- If %j is specified and neither %y, %Y, nor %C
are specified, and neither month nor day of month are specified,
strptime() assumes the year value given by the value of the
tm_year field of the input tm struct. Then, in addition to
setting tm_yday, strptime() uses day-of-year and year values
to calculate the month and day-of-month, and assigns tm_month and
tm_mday.
- o
- If %U or %W is specified, and if weekday and/or year are not
given, and month and day of month are not given, strptime() will
assume the weekday value and/or the year value as the value of the
tm_wday field and/or tm_year field of the input tm
struct. Then, strptime() will calculate the month and
day-of-month and assign tm_month, tm_mday, and/or
tm_year.
- o
- If %p is specified and if hour is not specified, strptime()
will reference, and if needed, update the tm_hour member. If the
am_pm input is p.m. and the input tm_hour value is between 0
- 11, strptime() will add 12 hours and update tm_hour. If
the am_pm input is a.m. and input tm_hour value is between
12 - 23, strptime() will subtract 12 hours and update
tm_hour.