DDI_DMA_ATTR(9S) Data Structures for Drivers DDI_DMA_ATTR(9S)

ddi_dma_attr - DMA attributes structure

#include <sys/ddidmareq.h>

illumos DDI specific (illumos DDI)

A ddi_dma_attr_t structure describes device- and DMA engine-specific attributes necessary to allocate DMA resources for a device. The driver might have to extend the attributes with bus-specific information, depending on the bus to which the device is connected.


uint_t      dma_attr_version;      /* version number */
uint64_t    dma_attr_addr_lo;      /* low DMA address range */
uint64_t    dma_attr_addr_hi;      /* high DMA address range */
uint64_t    dma_attr_count_max;    /* DMA counter register */
uint64_t    dma_attr_align;        /* DMA address alignment */
uint_t      dma_attr_burstsizes;   /* DMA burstsizes */
uint32_t    dma_attr_minxfer;      /* min effective DMA size */
uint64_t    dma_attr_maxxfer;      /* max DMA xfer size */
uint64_t    dma_attr_seg;          /* segment boundary */
int         dma_attr_sgllen;       /* s/g list length */
uint32_t    dma_attr_granular;     /* granularity of device */
uint_t      dma_attr_flags;        /* DMA transfer flags */

The dma_attr_version stores the version number of this DMA attribute structure. It should be set to DMA_ATTR_V0.

The dma_attr_addr_lo and dma_attr_addr_hi fields specify the address range the device's DMA engine can access. The dma_attr_addr_lo field describes the inclusive lower 64-bit boundary. The dma_attr_addr_hi describes the inclusive upper 64-bit boundary. The system ensures that allocated DMA resources are within the range specified. See ddi_dma_cookie(9S).

The dma_attr_count_max describes an inclusive upper bound for the device's DMA counter register. For example, 0xFFFFFF would describe a DMA engine with a 24-bit counter register. DMA resource allocation functions have to break up a DMA object into multiple DMA cookies if the size of the object exceeds the size of the DMA counter register.

The dma_attr_align specifies alignment requirements for allocated DMA resources. This field can be used to force more restrictive alignment than imposed by dma_attr_burstsizes or dma_attr_minxfer, such as alignment at a page boundary. Most drivers set this field to 1, indicating byte alignment.

The dma_attr_align only specifies alignment requirements for allocated DMA resources. The buffer passed to ddi_dma_addr_bind_handle(9F) or ddi_dma_buf_bind_handle(9F) must have an equally restrictive alignment (see ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F)).

The dma_attr_burstsizes field describes the possible burst sizes the DMA engine of a device can accept. The format of the data sizes is binary, encoded in terms of powers of two. When DMA resources are allocated, the system can modify the burstsizes value to reflect the system limits. The driver must use the allowable burstsizes to program the DMA engine. See ddi_dma_burstsizes(9F).

The dma_attr_minxfer field describes the minimum effective DMA access size in units of bytes. DMA resources can be modified, depending on the presence and use of I/O caches and write buffers between the DMA engine and the memory object. This field is used to determine alignment and padding requirements for ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F).

The dma_attr_maxxfer field describes the maximum effective DMA access size in units of bytes.

The dma_attr_seg field specifies segment boundary restrictions for allocated DMA resources. The system allocates DMA resources for the device so that the object does not span the segment boundary specified by dma_attr_seg. For example, a value of 0xFFFF means DMA resources must not cross a 64-Kbyte boundary. DMA resource allocation functions might have to break up a DMA object into multiple DMA cookies to enforce segment boundary restrictions. In this case, the transfer must be performed using scatter-gather I/O or multiple DMA windows.

The dma_attr_sgllen field describes the length of the DMA scatter/gather list of a device. Possible values are as follows:

< 0

Device DMA engine is not constrained by the size, for example, with DMA chaining.

= 0

Reserved.

= 1

Device DMA engine does not support scatter/gather such as third party DMA.

> 1

Device DMA engine uses scatter/gather. The dma_attr_sgllen value is the maximum number of entries in the list.

The dma_attr_granular field describes the granularity of the device transfer size in units of bytes. When the system allocates DMA resources, the size of a single segment is a multiple of the device granularity. If dma_attr_sgllen is larger than 1 within a window, the sum of the sizes for a subgroup of segments is a multiple of the device granularity.

All driver requests for DMA resources must be a multiple of the granularity of the device transfer size.

The dma_attr_flags field can be set to a combination of:

DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL

Some platforms, such as SPARC systems, support what is called Direct Virtual Memory Access (DVMA). On these platforms, the device is provided with a virtual address by the system in order to perform the transfer. In this case, the underlying platform provides an IOMMU, which translates accesses to these virtual addresses into the proper physical addresses. Some of these platforms also support DMA. DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL indicates that the system should return physical rather than virtual I/O addresses if the system supports both. If the system does not support physical DMA, the return value from ddi_dma_alloc_handle(9F) is DDI_DMA_BADATTR. In this case, the driver has to clear DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL and retry the operation.

DDI_DMA_FLAGERR

Using this value indicates that the driver is hardened: able to cope with the incorrect results of DMA operations that might result from an I/O fault. The value also indicates that the driver will use ddi_fm_dma_err_get(9F) to check DMA handles for faults on a regular basis.

If a DMA error is detected during a DMA access to an area mapped by such a handle, the system should not panic if possible, but should instead mark the DMA handle as having faulted.

This value is advisory: it tells the system that the driver can continue in the face of I/O faults. It does not guarantee that the system will not panic, as that depends on the nature of the fault and the capabilities of the system. It is quite legitimate for an implementation to ignore this flag and panic anyway.

DDI_DMA_RELAXED_ORDERING

This optional flag can be set if the DMA transactions associated with this handle are not required to observe strong DMA write ordering among themselves, nor with DMA write transactions of other handles.

The flag allows the host bridge to transfer data to and from memory more efficiently and might result in better DMA performance on some platforms.

Drivers for devices with hardware support, such as marking the bus transactions relaxed ordered, should not use this flag. Such drivers should use the hardware capability instead.

Example 1 Initializing the ddi_dma_attr_t Structure

Assume a device has the following DMA characteristics:

Full 32-bit range addressable
24-bit DMA counter register
Byte alignment
4- and 8-byte burst sizes support
Minimum effective transfer size of 1 bytes
64 Mbyte minus 1 (26-bit) maximum transfer size limit
Maximum segment size of 32 Kbyte
17 scatter/gather list elements
512-byte device transfer size granularity

The corresponding ddi_dma_attr_t structure is initialized as follows:


static ddi_dma_attr_t dma_attrs = {


         DMA_ATTR_V0              /* version number */


         (uint64_t)0x0,           /* low address */


         (uint64_t)0xffffffff,    /* high address */


         (uint64_t)0xffffff,      /* DMA counter max */


         (uint64_t)0x1            /* alignment */


         0x0c,                    /* burst sizes */


         0x1,                     /* minimum transfer size */


         (uint64_t)0x3ffffff,     /* maximum transfer size */


         (uint64_t)0x7fff,        /* maximum segment size */


         17,                      /* scatter/gather list lgth */


         512                      /* granularity */


         0                        /* DMA flags */
};

See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:

ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE
Interface Stability Committed

attributes(7), ddi_dma_addr_bind_handle(9F), ddi_dma_alloc_handle(9F), ddi_dma_buf_bind_handle(9F), ddi_dma_burstsizes(9F), ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F), ddi_dma_nextcookie(9F), ddi_fm_dma_err_get(9F), ddi_dma_cookie(9S)

Writing Device Drivers

September 12, 2020 OmniOS