| IDMAP(8) | Maintenance Commands and Procedures | IDMAP(8) |
idmap - configure and manage the Native Identity Mapping service
idmap
idmap -f command-file
idmap add [-d] name1 name2
idmap dump [-n] [-v]
idmap export [-f file] format
idmap get-namemap name
idmap help
idmap import [-F] [-f file] format
idmap list
idmap remove [-t|-f] name
idmap remove -a
idmap remove [-d] name1 name2
idmap set-namemap [-a authenticationMethod] [-D bindDN]
[-j passwdfile] name1 name2
idmap show [-c] [-v] identity [target-type]
idmap unset-namemap [-a authenticationMethod] [-D bindDN]
[-j passwdfile] name [target-type]
The idmap utility is used to configure and manage the Native Identity Mapping service.
The Native Identity Mapping service supports the following types of mappings between Windows security identities (SIDs) and POSIX user IDs and group IDs (UIDs and GIDs):
The idmap utility can be used to create and manage the name-based mappings and to monitor the mappings in effect.
If the idmap utility is invoked without a subcommand or option, it reads the subcommands from standard input. When standard input is a TTY, the idmap command prints the usage message and exits.
The idmapd(8) daemon maps Windows user and group SIDs to UNIX UIDs and GIDs as follows:
This mapping uses the name-based mappings that are manually set up by the system administrator.
This allocation uses the next available UID or GID from 2^31 to 2^32 - 2.
Local SID mappings are used to map from UNIX to Windows.
To prevent aliasing problems, all file systems, archive and backup formats, and protocols must store SIDs or map all UIDs and GIDs in the 2^31 to 2^32 - 2 range to the nobody user and group.
It is possible to create also diagonal mappings. They are the mappings between Windows groups and Solaris users and between Solaris groups and Windows users. They are needed when Windows uses a group identity as a file owner or vice versa.
Name-based mappings establish name equivalence between Windows users and groups and their counterparts in the UNIX name service. These mappings persist across reboots. For example, the following command maps Windows users to UNIX users with the same name:
# idmap add "winuser:*@example.com" "unixuser:*"
If configured to use a directory service, idmapd(8) will first try to use the mapping information that is stored in user or group objects in the Active Directory (AD) and/or the native LDAP directory service. For example, an AD object for a given Windows user or group can be augmented to include the corresponding Solaris user or group name or numeric id. Similarly, the native LDAP object for a given Solaris user or group can be augmented to include the corresponding Windows user or group name.
idmapd(8) can be configured to use AD and/or native LDAP directory-based name mappings by setting the appropriate service management facility (SMF) properties of the idmap service. See "Service Properties," below, for more details.
If directory-based name mapping is not configured or if configured but not found, then idmapd(8) will process locally stored name-based mapping rules.
idmap supports the mapping of Windows well-known names. A few of these are listed below:
Administrator Guest KRBTGT Domain Admins Domain Users Domain Guest Domain Computers Domain Controllers
When idmap rules are added, these well-known names will be expanded to canonical form. That is, either the default domain name will be added (for names that are not well-known) or an appropriate built-in domain name will be added. Depending on the particular well-known name, this domain name might be null, BUILTIN, or the local host name.
The following sequence of idmap commands illustrate the treatment of the non-well-known name fred and the well-known names administrator and guest.
# idmap add winname:fred unixuser:fredf add winname:fred unixuser:fredf # idmap add winname:administrator unixuser:root add winname:administrator unixuser:root # idmap add winname:guest unixuser:nobody add winname:guest unixuser:nobody # idmap add wingroup:administrators sysadmin add wingroup:administrators unixgroup:sysadmin # idmap list add winname:Administrator@examplehost unixuser:root add winname:Guest@examplehost unixuser:nobody add wingroup:Administrators@BUILTIN unixgroup:sysadmin add winname:fred@example.com unixuser:fredf
The idmapd daemon attempts to preserve ephemeral ID mappings across daemon restarts. However, when IDs cannot be preserved, the daemon maps each previously mapped SID to a new ephemeral UID or GID value. The daemon will never re-use ephemeral UIDs or GIDs. If the idmapd daemon runs out of ephemeral UIDs and GIDs, it returns an error as well as a default UID or GID for SIDs that cannot be mapped by name.
The dynamic ID mappings are not retained across reboots. So, any SIDs that are dynamically mapped to UNIX UIDs or GIDs are most likely mapped to different IDs after rebooting the system.
If no name-based mapping is found, a non-ephemeral UID or GID is mapped to an algorithmically generated local SID. The mapping is generated as follows:
local SID for UID = <machine SID> - <1000 + UID> local SID for GID = <machine SID> - <2^31 + GID>
<machine SID> is a unique SID generated by the idmap service for the host on which it runs.
When mapping a Windows name to a UNIX name, lookup for name-based mapping rules is performed in the following order:
When mapping a UNIX name to a Windows name, lookup for name-based mapping rules is performed in the following order:
The service properties determine the behavior of the idmapd(8) daemon. These properties are stored in the SMF repository (see smf(7)) under property group config. They can be accessed and modified using svccfg(8), which requires solaris.smf.value.idmap authorization. The service properties for the idmap service are:
config/ad_unixuser_attr
config/ad_unixgroup_attr
config/nldap_winname_attr
config/directory_based_mapping
none disables directory-based mapping.
name enables name-based mapping using the properties described above.
idmu enables mapping using Microsoft's Identity Management for UNIX (IDMU). This Windows component allows the administrator to specify a UNIX user ID for each Windows user, mapping the Windows identity to the corresponding UNIX identity. Only IDMU data from the domain the Solaris system is a member of is used.
Changes to service properties do not affect a running idmap service. The service must be refreshed (with svcadm(8)) for the changes to take effect.
The idmap command uses the following operands:
format
windows-username [direction] unix-username
windows-username is a Windows user name in either the domain\username or username@domain format.
unix-username is a UNIX user name.
direction is one of the following:
unixname = winname1 winname2 ...
If winname includes whitespace, escape the whitespace by enclosing the value in double quotes. For example, the following file shows how to specify whitespace in a valid format for the idmap command:
$ cat myusermap terry="Terry Maddox" pat="Pat Flynn" cal=cbrown
The mappings are imported as unidirectional mappings from Windows names to UNIX names.
The format is based on the "username map" entry of the smb.conf man page, which is available on the samba.org web site. The use of an asterisk (*) for windows-name is supported. However, the @group directive and the chaining of mappings are not supported.
By default, if no mapping entries are in the smbusers file, Samba maps a windows-name to the equivalent unix-name, if any. If you want to set up the same mapping as Samba does, use the following idmap command:
idmap add -d "winuser:*@*" "unixuser:*"
identity
usid
gsid
sid
uid
gid
unixuser
unixgroup
winuser
wingroup
winname
value is a number or string that is appropriate to the specified type. For instance, unixgroup:staff specifies the UNIX group name, staff. The identity gid:10 represents GID 10, which corresponds to the UNIX group staff.
name
A Windows security entity name can be specified in one of these ways:
If name uses the wildcard (*), it matches all names that are not matched by other mappings. Similarly, if name is the wildcard Windows name (*@*), it matches all names in all domains that are not matched by other mappings.
If name uses the wildcard on both sides of the mapping rule, the name is the same for both Windows and Solaris users. For example, if the rule is "*@domain" == "*", the jp@domain Windows user name matches this rule and maps to the jp Solaris user name.
Specifying the type of name is optional if the type can be deduced from other arguments or types specified on the command line.
target-type
The idmap command supports one option and a set of subcommands. The subcommands also have options.
-f command-file
The following subcommands are supported:
add [-d] name1 name2
Either name1 or name2 must be a Windows name, and the other must be a UNIX name. For the Windows name, the winname identity type must not be used. Instead, specify one of the winuser or wingroup types. See "Operands" for information about the name operand.
Note that two unidirectional mappings between the same two names in two opposite directions are equivalent to one bidirectional mapping.
This subcommand requires the solaris.admin.idmap.rules authorization.
dump [-n] [-v]
export [-f file] format
get-namemap name
help
import [-F] [-f file] format
Regardless of the external format used, the imported rules are processed by using the semantics and order described in the section "Rule Lookup Order," above.
This subcommand requires the solaris.admin.idmap.rules authorization.
list
remove [-t|-f] name
The -f option removes rules that use name as the source. The -t option removes rules that use name as the destination. These options are mutually exclusive.
This subcommand requires the solaris.admin.idmap.rules authorization.
remove -a
This subcommand requires the solaris.admin.idmap.rules authorization.
remove [-d] name1 name2
Either name1 or name2 must be a Windows name, and the other must be a UNIX name.
This subcommand requires the solaris.admin.idmap.rules authorization.
set-namemap [-a authenticationMethod] [-D bindDN] [-j passwdfile] name1 name2
If name1 is a Windows name, then the UNIX name name2 is added to the AD object represented by name1. Similarly, if name1 is a UNIX name then the Windows name name2 is added to the native LDAP entry represented by name1.
The following options are supported:
-a authenticationMethod
-D bindDN
-j passwdfile
show [-c] [-v] name [target-type]
By default, this subcommand shows only mappings that have been established already. The -c option forces the evaluation of name-based mapping configurations or the dynamic allocation of IDs.
The -v option shows how the mapping was generated and also whether the mapping was just generated or was retrieved from the cache.
unset-namemap [-a authenticationMethod] [-D bindDN] [-j passwdfile] name [target-type]
See the set-namemap subcommand for options.
Example 1 Using a Wildcard on Both Sides of a Name-Based Mapping Rule
The following command maps all Windows user names in the example.com domain to the UNIX users with the same names provided that one exists and is not otherwise mapped. If such a rule is matched but the UNIX user name does not exist, an ephemeral ID mapping is used.
# idmap add "winuser:*@example.com" "unixuser:*"
Example 2 Using a Wildcard on One Side of a Name-Based Mapping Rule
The following command maps all unmapped Windows users in the example.com domain to the guest UNIX user. The -d option specifies a unidirectional mapping from *@example.com users to the guest user.
# idmap add -d "winuser:*@example.com" unixuser:guest
Example 3 Adding a Bidirectional Name-Based Mapping Rule
The following command maps Windows user, foobar@example.com, to UNIX user, foo, and conversely:
# idmap add winuser:foobar@example.com unixuser:foo
This command shows how to remove the mapping added by the previous command:
# idmap remove winuser:foobar@example.com unixuser:foo
Example 4 Showing a UID-to-SID Mapping
# idmap show uid:50000 sid uid:50000 -> usid:S-1-5-21-3223191800-2000
# idmap show joe@example.com unixuser winuser:joe@example.com -> unixuser:joes
Example 5 Listing the Cached SID-to-UID Mappings
The following command shows all of the SID-to-UID mappings that are in the cache:
# idmap dump | grep "uid:" usid:S-1-5-21-3223191800-2000 == uid:50000 usid:S-1-5-21-3223191800-2001 == uid:50001 usid:S-1-5-21-3223191800-2006 == uid:50010 usid:S-1-5-21-3223191900-3000 == uid:2147491840 usid:S-1-5-21-3223191700-4000 => uid:60001
Example 6 Batching idmap Requests
The following commands show how to batch idmap requests. This particular command sequence does the following:
# idmap <<EOF
remove winuser:foobar@example.com
add winuser:foobar@example.com unixuser:bar
add wingroup:members unixgroup:staff EOF
Example 7 Listing Name-Based Mapping Rules
The following command shows how to list the name-based mapping rules:
# idmap list add winuser:foobar@example.com unixuser:bar add wingroup:members unixgroup:staff
Example 8 Importing Name-Based Mapping Rules From the usermap.cfg File
The usermap.cfg file can be used to configure name-based mapping rules. The following usermap.cfg file shows mapping rules that map Windows user foo@example.com to UNIX user foo, and that map foobar@example.com to the UNIX user foo.
# cat usermap.cfg foo@example.com == foo foobar@example.com => foo
The following idmap command imports usermap.cfg information to the idmapd database:
# cat usermap.cfg | idmap import usermap.cfg
This command does the same as the previous command:
# idmap import -f usermap.cfg usermap.cfg
The following commands are equivalent to the previous idmap import commands:
# idmap <<EOF
add winuser:foo@example.com unixuser:foo
add -d winuser:foobar@example.com unixuser:foo EOF
Example 9 Using Name-Based and Ephemeral ID Mapping With Identity Function Mapping and Exceptions
The following commands map all users in the example.com Windows domain to UNIX user accounts of the same name. The command also specifies mappings for the following Windows users: joe@example.com, jane.doe@example.com, administrator@example.com. The administrator from all domains is mapped to nobody. Any Windows users without corresponding UNIX accounts are mapped dynamically to available ephemeral UIDs.
# idmap import usermap.cfg <<EOF
joe@example.com == joes
jane.doe@example.com == janed
administrator@* => nobody
*@example.com == *
*@example.com => nobody EOF
Example 10 Adding Directory-based Name Mapping to AD User Object
The following command maps Windows user joe@example.com to UNIX user joe by adding the UNIX name to AD object for joe@example.com.
# idmap set-namemap winuser:joe@example.com joes
Example 11 Adding Directory-based Name Mapping to Native LDAP User Object
The following command maps UNIX user foo to Windows user foobar@example.com by adding the Windows name to native LDAP object for foo.
# idmap set-namemap unixuser:foo foobar@example.com
Example 12 Removing Directory-based Name Mapping from AD User Object
The following command removes the UNIX username unixuser from the AD object representing joe@example.com.
# idmap unset-namemap winuser:joe@example.com unixuser
0
>0
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
| Interface Stability | Uncommitted |
svcs(1), attributes(7), smf(7), idmapd(8), ldapaddent(8), svcadm(8), svccfg(8)
The idmapd service is managed by the service management facility, smf(7). The service identifier for the idmapd service is svc:/system/idmap.
Use the svcadm command to perform administrative actions on this service, such as enabling, disabling, or restarting the service. These actions require the solaris.smf.manage.idmap authorization. Use the svcs command to query the service's status.
Windows user names are case-insensitive, while UNIX user names are case-sensitive. The case of Windows names as they appear in idmap name-rules and idmap show command lines is irrelevant.
Because common practice in UNIX environments is to use all-lowercase user names, wildcard name-rules map Windows names to UNIX user/group names as follows: first, the canonical Windows name (that is, in the case as it appears in the directory) is used as a UNIX user or group name. If there is no such UNIX entity, then the Windows name's case is folded to lowercase and the result is used as the UNIX user or group name.
As a result of this differing treatment of case, user names that appear to be alike might not be recognized as matches. You must create rules to handle such pairings of strings that differ only in case. For example, to map the Windows user sam@example to the Solaris user Sam, you must create the following rules:
# idmap add "winuser:*@example" "unixuser:*" # idmap add winuser:sam@example unixuser:Sam
For guidance on modifying an Active Directory schema, consult the Microsoft document, Step-by-Step Guide to Using Active Directory Schema and Display Specifiers, which you can find at their technet web site, http://technet.microsoft.com/.
| November 22, 2021 | OmniOS |