groff_www(7) Standards, Environments, and Macros groff_www(7)

groff_www - GNU roff macros for authoring web pages

groff -m www [option ...] [file ...]

This manual page describes the GNU www macro package, which is part of the groff(7) document formatting system. This macro file is automatically loaded by the default troffrc file when the formatter (usually groff(1)) is called with either of the options “-T html” or “-T xhtml”. The HTML output driver grohtml(1) is in a beta state; groff distributes these macros to encourage its testing.

Macro Meaning
JOBNAME split output into multiple files
HX automatic heading level cut-off
BCL specify colours on a web page
BGIMG specify background image
URL create a URL using two parameters
MTO create an HTML email address
TAG generate an HTML name
IMG include an image file
PIMG include PNG image
MPIMG place PNG on the margin and wrap text around it
HnS begin heading
HnE end heading
LK emit automatically collected links
HR produce a horizontal rule
NHR suppress automatic generation of rules
HTL record document title as HTML metadata only
HEAD add data to <head> block
ULS unordered list begin
ULE unordered list end
OLS ordered list begin
OLE ordered list end
DLS definition list begin
DLE definition list end
LI insert a list item
DC generate a drop capital
HTML transmit raw HTML to output driver
CDS code example begin
CDE code example end
ALN place links on left of main text
LNS start two-column table with links on the left
LNE end two-column table started with .LNS
LINKSTYLE initialize default URL attributes

Split output into multiple HTML files. In ms documents, a file is split whenever an .SH or “.NH 1” call is encountered. Its argument is the file name stem used for output files. This option is equivalent to grohtml's -j option.
Set section heading level above which grohtml is not to automatically generate links to n. For example, when used with the groff_ms(7) package, “.HX 2” causes grohtml to generate a list of links for ms macro calls “.NH 1” and “.NH 2” but not for “.NH 3”, whereas “.HX 0” generates no hyperlinks to section headings. Giving groff the option “-P -l” disables automatic heading linkage.
Configure colours used for page foreground, page background, active hypertext link, hypertext links not yet visited, and visited hypertext links.
Set the background image to file.
Generate a hyperlink to url with optional link-text followed immediately by non-linked text post.
If link-text is absent, url is formatted as the link text. Hyphenation is disabled while formatting a URL; insert explicit break points with the \: escape sequence.
Generate an email hyperlink to address with optional link-text followed immediately by non-linked text post.
If link-text is absent, address is formatted as the link text. Hyphenation is disabled while formatting a URL; insert explicit break points with the \: escape sequence.
Generate an anchor name marking its location in the document as a target for hyperlinks.
Insert graphical image file-name. The optional second argument aligns the image to the center (-C; default), left (-L), or right (-R). The optional width defaults to 100 units (in the context of the HTML renderer) and the optional height to the same measurement as width .
Insert graphical image file-name, assumed to be in PNG format. Compared to IMG, this macro has the advantage of working with both PostScript and HTML devices since it converts file-name into EPS format using pngtopnm(1), pnmcrop(1), and pnmtops(1). height and width may be given as percentages (of the line length \n[.l] and page length \n[.p], respectively).
If the document isn't processed with “-T html” or “-T xhtml”, you must use groff(1)'s -U option.
As PIMG, but place the image at a margin and wrap text around it. The image is aligned the to the left (-L, default) or right (-R) margin. -G gap imposes horizontal space of gap pixels between the picture and the text that wraps around it. The default gap is zero.
Begin heading at level n.
End heading text.
Direct grohtml to emit the list of automatically generated hyperlinks at this location.
Generate a full-width horizontal rule when used with “-T html” or “-T xhtml”.
Suppress the horizontal rules at the document's top and bottom that grohtml emits by default.
Generate an HTML title only. This differs from groff_ms(7)'s TL macro, which generates both an HTML title and an <H1> heading. Use it to provide an HTML title as document metadata but not as formatted text. The title ends when vertical space (.sp) or a break (.br) is seen.
Add arbitrary data to the HTML <head> element. Ignored if not processed with “-T html” or “-T xhtml”.
All text after this macro is treated as raw HTML. Ignored if not processed with “-T html” or “-T xhtml”.
Format a “drop cap”—a large character L (usually a capital letter) at a larger size and with a lower text baseline than the following text, such that the cap-heights of L and text align, in the specified color (default: black).
Begin code display; a monospaced font is selected and filling is disabled.
End code display.
Enable a “navigation pane” containing links to section headings, aligned to the left of running text, and configure its rendering parameters. Columnation is achieved with an HTML table. color indicates an HTML background color to be used in the navigation column; the default is #eeeeee. width-percentage allocates the given percentage of the navigation pane's table column; the default is 30. Call this macro at most once, at the beginning of the document.
Begin text indexed by the navigation pane configured by ALN.
End text indexed by navigation pane started by LNS.
Configure rendering of formatted hyperlink targets for devices other than html and xhtml; render targets in color (default: blue) using the typeface font-style (default: CR) bracketed with open-glyph and close-glyph (defaults: \[la] and \[ra], respectively).

By default grohtml generates links to all section headings and places these at the top of the HTML document. Configure this behavior with HX and/or LK.

gtbl(1) tables are rendered as PNG images.

All URLs currently are treated as consuming no textual space in groff. This could be considered as a bug since it causes some problems. To circumvent this, www.tmac inserts a zero-width character which expands to a harmless space (only if run with -Thtml or -Txhtml).

Some of the macros, like ALN, LNS, and LNE, are integrated only with the groff_ms(7) package.

/usr/share/groff/1.24.2/tmac/www.tmac

The www macro package was written by Gaius Mulley, with additions by Werner Lemberg and Bernd Warken.

groff(1), gtroff(1), grohtml(1), netpbm(1)

2026-09-28 groff 1.24.2