GITWEB(1) | Git Manual | GITWEB(1) |
See http://repo.or.cz/w/git.git/tree/HEAD:/gitweb/ for gitweb source code, browsed using gitweb itself.
our $projectroot = '/path/to/parent/directory';
The default value for $projectroot is /pub/git. You can change it during building gitweb via GITWEB_PROJECTROOT build configuration variable.
By default all Git repositories under $projectroot are visible and available to gitweb. The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the $projectroot directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited to showing "bare" repositories).
The name of the repository in gitweb is the path to its $GIT_DIR (its object database) relative to $projectroot. Therefore the repository $repo can be found at "$projectroot/$repo".
This file uses the following format:
Reserved characters are: "%" (used for encoding), "+" (can be used to encode SPACE), all whitespace characters as defined in Perl, including SP, TAB and LF, (used to separate fields in a record).
<repository path>
<repository owner>
You can generate the projects list index file using the project_index action (the TXT link on projects list page) directly from gitweb; see also "Generating projects list using gitweb" section below.
Example contents:
foo.git Joe+R+Hacker+<joe@example.com> foo/bar.git O+W+Ner+<owner@example.org>
By default this file controls only which projects are visible on projects list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git repositories won’t be displayed by gitweb). Even if a project is not visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting a gitweb URL. By setting $strict_export configuration variable (see gitweb.conf(5)) to true value you can allow viewing only of repositories also shown on the overview page (i.e. only projects explicitly listed in projects list file will be accessible).
read_config_file("gitweb_config.perl"); $projects_list = $projectroot;
Then create the following script to get list of project in the format suitable for GITWEB_LIST build configuration variable (or $projects_list variable in gitweb config):
#!/bin/sh export GITWEB_CONFIG="gitweb_make_index.perl" export GATEWAY_INTERFACE="CGI/1.1" export HTTP_ACCEPT="*/*" export REQUEST_METHOD="GET" export QUERY_STRING="a=project_index" perl -- /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
Run this script and save its output to a file. This file could then be used as projects list file, which means that you can set $projects_list to its filename.
For example git-daemon(1) by default (unless --export-all option is used) allows pulling only for those repositories that have git-daemon-export-ok file. Adding
our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";
makes gitweb show and allow access only to those repositories that can be fetched from via git:// protocol.
For example, if you use mod_perl to run the script, and have dumb HTTP protocol authentication configured for your repositories, you can use the following hook to allow access only if the user is authorized to read the files:
$export_auth_hook = sub { use Apache2::SubRequest (); use Apache2::Const -compile => qw(HTTP_OK); my $path = "$_[0]/HEAD"; my $r = Apache2::RequestUtil->request; my $sub = $r->lookup_file($path); return $sub->filename eq $path && $sub->status == Apache2::Const::HTTP_OK; };
You can use the following files in repository:
README.html
description (or gitweb.description)
Unnamed repository; edit this file to name it for gitweb.
from the template during repository creation, usually installed in /usr/share/git-core/templates/. You can use the gitweb.description repo configuration variable, but the file takes precedence.
category (or gitweb.category)
The configuration variables $projects_list_group_categories and $project_list_default_category are described in gitweb.conf(5)
cloneurl (or multiple-valued gitweb.url)
This is per-repository enhancement / version of global prefix-based @git_base_url_list gitweb configuration variable (see gitweb.conf(5)).
gitweb.owner
If it’s not set, filesystem directory’s owner is used (via GECOS field, i.e. real name field from getpwuid(3)) if $projects_list is unset (gitweb scans $projectroot for repositories); if $projects_list points to file with list of repositories, then project owner defaults to value from this file for given repository.
various gitweb.* config variables (in config)
.../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision>:/<path>?<arguments>
repo
All actions except for those that list all available projects, in whatever form, require this parameter.
action
revision
path
arguments
Some actions require or allow to specify two revisions, and sometimes even two pathnames. In most general form such path_info (component) based gitweb URL looks like this:
.../gitweb.cgi/<repo>/<action>/<revision_from>:/<path_from>..<revision_to>:/<path_to>?<arguments>
Each action is implemented as a subroutine, and must be present in %actions hash. Some actions are disabled by default, and must be turned on via feature mechanism. For example to enable blame view add the following to gitweb configuration file:
$feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];
project_list
summary
heads, remotes
The latter is not available by default, unless configured.
tags
blob, tree
blob_plain
blobdiff
blame, blame_incremental
This action is disabled by default for performance reasons.
commit, commitdiff
patch
tag
log, shortlog
The shortlog view is more compact; it shows one commit per line.
history
This view is similar to shortlog view.
rss, atom
If you’ve configured a web server that isn’t listed here for gitweb, please send in the instructions so they can be included in a future release.
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> Options Indexes FollowSymlinks ExecCGI AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi
Assuming that gitweb is installed to /var/www/perl, the following Apache configuration (for mod_perl 2.x) is suitable.
Alias /perl "/var/www/perl" <Directory "/var/www/perl"> SetHandler perl-script PerlResponseHandler ModPerl::Registry PerlOptions +ParseHeaders Options Indexes FollowSymlinks +ExecCGI AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/perl/gitweb.cgi
FastCgiServer /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi ScriptAlias /gitweb /usr/share/gitweb/gitweb.cgi Alias /gitweb/static /usr/share/gitweb/static <Directory /usr/share/gitweb/static> SetHandler default-handler </Directory>
With that configuration the full path to browse repositories would be:
http://server/gitweb
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName git.example.org DocumentRoot /pub/git SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf # turning on mod rewrite RewriteEngine on # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi # make access for "dumb clients" work RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ \ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI} [L,PT] </VirtualHost>
The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under /pub/git and will serve them as http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git, both as clonable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then start your git-daemon(1) with --base-path=/pub/git --export-all then you can even use the git:// URL with exactly the same path.
Setting the environment variable GITWEB_CONFIG will tell gitweb to use the named file (i.e. in this example /etc/gitweb.conf) as a configuration for gitweb. You don’t really need it in above example; it is required only if your configuration file is in different place than built-in (during compiling gitweb) gitweb_config.perl or /etc/gitweb.conf. See gitweb.conf(5) for details, especially information about precedence rules.
If you use the rewrite rules from the example you might also need something like the following in your gitweb configuration file (/etc/gitweb.conf following example):
@stylesheets = ("/some/absolute/path/gitweb.css"); $my_uri = "/"; $home_link = "/"; $per_request_config = 1;
Nowadays though gitweb should create HTML base tag when needed (to set base URI for relative links), so it should work automatically.
The virtual host configuration (in Apache configuration file) should look like this:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName git.example.org DocumentRoot /pub/git SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf # turning on mod rewrite RewriteEngine on # make the front page an internal rewrite to the gitweb script RewriteRule ^/$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi [QSA,L,PT] # look for a public_git directory in unix users' home # http://git.example.org/~<user>/ RewriteRule ^/\~([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \ [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT] # http://git.example.org/+<user>/ #RewriteRule ^/\+([^\/]+)(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \ [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT] # http://git.example.org/user/<user>/ #RewriteRule ^/user/([^\/]+)/(gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \ [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/home/$1/public_git/,L,PT] # defined list of project roots RewriteRule ^/scm(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \ [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/pub/scm/,L,PT] RewriteRule ^/var(/|/gitweb.cgi)?$ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi \ [QSA,E=GITWEB_PROJECTROOT:/var/git/,L,PT] # make access for "dumb clients" work RewriteRule ^/(.*\.git/(?!/?(HEAD|info|objects|refs)).*)?$ \ /cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi%{REQUEST_URI} [L,PT] </VirtualHost>
Here actual project root is passed to gitweb via GITWEB_PROJECT_ROOT environment variable from a web server, so you need to put the following line in gitweb configuration file (/etc/gitweb.conf in above example):
$projectroot = $ENV{'GITWEB_PROJECTROOT'} || "/pub/git";
Note that this requires to be set for each request, so either $per_request_config must be false, or the above must be put in code referenced by $per_request_config;
These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (<user>) of the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in ~/public_git/ with the following url:
http://git.example.org/~<user>/
If you do not want this feature on your server just remove the second rewrite rule.
If you already use ‘mod_userdir` in your virtual host or you don’t want to use the '~’ as first character, just comment or remove the second rewrite rule, and uncomment one of the following according to what you want.
Second, repositories found in /pub/scm/ and /var/git/ will be accessible through http://git.example.org/scm/ and http://git.example.org/var/. You can add as many project roots as you want by adding rewrite rules like the third and the fourth.
$feature{'pathinfo'}{'default'} = [1];
in your gitweb configuration file, it is possible to set up your server so that it consumes and produces URLs in the form
http://git.example.com/project.git/shortlog/sometag
i.e. without gitweb.cgi part, by using a configuration such as the following. This configuration assumes that /var/www/gitweb is the DocumentRoot of your webserver, contains the gitweb.cgi script and complementary static files (stylesheet, favicon, JavaScript):
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAlias git.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb <Directory /var/www/gitweb> Options ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script cgi DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT] </Directory> </VirtualHost>
The rewrite rule guarantees that existing static files will be properly served, whereas any other URL will be passed to gitweb as PATH_INFO parameter.
Notice that in this case you don’t need special settings for @stylesheets, $my_uri and $home_link, but you lose "dumb client" access to your project .git dirs (described in "Single URL for gitweb and for fetching" section). A possible workaround for the latter is the following: in your project root dir (e.g. /pub/git) have the projects named without a .git extension (e.g. /pub/git/project instead of /pub/git/project.git) and configure Apache as follows:
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAlias git.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/gitweb AliasMatch ^(/.*?)(\.git)(/.*)?$ /pub/git$1$3 <Directory /var/www/gitweb> Options ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script cgi DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^.* /gitweb.cgi/$0 [L,PT] </Directory> </VirtualHost>
The additional AliasMatch makes it so that
http://git.example.com/project.git
will give raw access to the project’s Git dir (so that the project can be cloned), while
http://git.example.com/project
will provide human-friendly gitweb access.
This solution is not 100% bulletproof, in the sense that if some project has a named ref (branch, tag) starting with git/, then paths such as
http://git.example.com/project/command/abranch..git/abranch
will fail with a 404 error.
gitweb/README, gitweb/INSTALL
08/30/2022 | Git 2.37.3 |